It houses 38,000 precious objects. The collection was increased under Napoleon and the museum was renamed Muse Napolon, but after Napoleon's abdication, many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners. In 1793, during the French Revolution, the gallery was destroyed by French soldiers. The 17th and 18th centuries are represented by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's 16401 Bust of Cardinal Richelieu, tienne Maurice Falconet's Woman Bathing and Amour menaant, and Franois Anguier's obelisks. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What was the Louvre before it was a museum?, What is "La Joconde" and who painted it?, What was La Muse d'Orsay before it was a museum? The use of cameras and video recorders is permitted inside, but flash photography is forbidden. But Is It Really Home? [24] In 1794, France's revolutionary armies began bringing pieces from Northern Europe, augmented after the Treaty of Tolentino (1797) by works from the Vatican, such as the Laocon and Apollo Belvedere, to establish the Louvre as a museum and as a "sign of popular sovereignty".[29][30]. [121] Five of them are owned by the Louvre, but the Mona Lisa was not included because it is in such great demand among visitors to the Louvre museum; the work remained on display in its gallery. [49] The Muse de Marine itself was relocated to the Palais de Chaillot in 1943. This collection, renamed muse naval in 1833 and later to develop into the Muse national de la Marine, was initially located on the first floor of the Cour Carre's North Wing, and in 1838 moved up one level to the 2nd-floor attic, where it remained for more than a century.[41]. [81] The Louvre has been a repository of sculpted material since its time as a palace; however, only ancient architecture was displayed until 1824, except for Michelangelo's Dying Slave and Rebellious Slave. The Louvre palace was begun by. Henry II style wardrobe; circa 1580; walnut and oak, partially gilded and painted; height: 2.06 m, width: 1.50 m, depth: 0.60 m[85], Louis XIV style cabinet on stand; by Andr Charles Boulle; circa 16901710; oak frame, resinous wood and walnut, ebony veneer, tortoiseshell, brass and pewter marquetry, and ormolu, Louis XVI style commode of Madame du Barry; 1772; oak frame, veneer of pearwood, rosewood and kingwood, soft-paste Svres porcelain, gilded bronze, white marble, and glass; height: 0.87 m, width: 1.19 m, depth: 0.48 m[86], Louis XVI style barometer-thermometer; circa 1776; soft-paste Svres porcelain, enamel, and ormolu; height: 1 m, width: 0.27 m[87], The painting collection has more than 7,500works[10]:229 from the 13thcentury to 1848 and is managed by 12curators who oversee the collection's display. The Capitoline Museum was a museum in Rome that opened nearly 60 years before the first Louvre opened in Paris. When the d'Orsay train station was converted into the Muse d'Orsay in 1986, the collection was split, and pieces completed after the 1848 Revolution were moved to the new museum. [10]:40 It was free until 1922, when an entrance fee was introduced except on Sundays. Louis-Philippe did, however, sponsor the creation of the muse assyrien to host the monumental Assyrian sculpture works brought to Paris by Paul-mile Botta, in the ground-floor gallery north of the eastern entrance of the Cour Carre. The Louvre was originally built as a fortress in 1190, but was reconstructed in the 16th century to serve as a royal palace. [51] On 27 August 1939, after two days of packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris. [13]:76-77[72], Guarded by the Great Sphinx of Tanis, the collection is housed in more than 20rooms. In response, foreign states sent emissaries to London to seek help, and many pieces were returned, though far from all. It was originally a palace, and then it became an art museum. In Paris, the most well-known museum is the Louvre. Aside from the Mona . In the 1850s architects Louis Visconti and Hector Lefuel created massive new spaces around what is now called the Cour Napolon, some of which (in the South Wing, now Aile Denon) went to the museum. [13]:70-71 In 1883, the Winged Victory of Samothrace, which had been found in the Aegean Sea in 1863, was prominently displayed as the focal point of the Escalier Daru. [48] In 1953, a new ceiling by Georges Braque was inaugurated in the Salle Henri II, next to the Salle La Caze. [130] That affiliation was terminated in 1977. [17][13]:42[18] For example, four generations of craftsmen-artists from the Boulle family were granted Royal patronage and resided in the Louvre. Initially, artists and foreign visitors had privileged access, a feature that only disappeared in the 1850s. The sculpture hovers under the Escalier du Midi, the staircase on the South of the Perrault Colonnade[67]. In 2013, his successor Aurlie Filippetti announced that the Louvre would move more than 250,000 works of art[108] held in a 20,000 square metres (220,000sqft) basement storage area in Livin; the cost of the project, estimated at 60million, will be split between the region (49%) and the Louvre (51%). In 1773 in the United States the Charleston Library Society of South Carolina announced its intention of forming a museum. The Egyptian collection, initially curated by Jean-Franois Champollion, formed the basis for what is now the Louvre's Department of Egyptian Antiquities. It houses 38,000 precious objects. 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Holdings have grown steadily through donations and bequests since the Third Republic. The new platform, collections.louvre.fr, already has more than 482,000 illustrated records representing 75% of its rich and varied collections.[128]. Avoid bringing big bags or backpacks, you won't be able to move as freely as you'd want. Victoria Stapley-Brown (10 November 2014), Acadmie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Acadmie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage, Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre, Catalog of paintings in the Louvre Museum, The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne (Leonardo), 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus, Institut Franais d'Archologie Orientale, cultural property seized under Napoleon I, Center for Research and Restoration of Museums of France, Rapport d'activit 2019 du muse du Louvre, "Louvre Website Chateau to Museum, 1672 and 1692", "Louvre Website Chateau to Museum 1692", "Jean Philippe Boulle, Son of Andr-Charles Boulle", "Masters of marquetry in the 17th century: Boulle", "Les collections chinoises et japonaises du muse de la Marine avant 1878: un cas marginal pour l'ethnographie? The Tomb of Philippe Pot; 1477 and 1483; limestone, paint, gold and lead; height: 181cm, width: 260cm, depth: 167cm, The King's Fame Riding Pegasus; by Antoine Coysevox; 17011702; Carrara marble; height: 3.15 m, width: 2.91 m, depth: 1.28 m, Group sculpture; by Nicolas Coustou; 17011712; marble; height: 2.44 m, Louis XV as Jupiter; 1731; probably marble; height: 1.95 m, width: 1.20 m, depth: 68cm, The Objets d'art collection spans the time from the Middle Ages to the mid-19thcentury. Since November 1996, the partly illustrated catalogue of 19471949 has been accessible online and completed. At this point, the museum was given to the Academy of France until the French Revolution. The early days were hectic. Following the July Revolution, King Louis Philippe focused his interest on the repurposing of the Palace of Versailles into a Museum of French History conceived as a project of national reconciliation, and the Louvre was kept in comparative neglect. Before it was an art museum, the Louvre was a royal palace. [71], The museum contains exhibits from Sumer and the city of Akkad, with monuments such as the Prince of Lagash's Stele of the Vultures from 2450BC and the stele erected by Naram-Sin, King of Akkad, to celebrate a victory over barbarians in the Zagros Mountains. At any given point in time, approximately 38,000objects from prehistory to the 21st century are being exhibited over an area of 72,735 square meters (782,910 square feet). Further rooms in the same sequence, designed by Italo Rota, opened on 15 December 1992. The museum participates too in arbitration sessions held via UNESCO's Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to Its Countries of Origin. Before it was a museum, the Louvre was a palace and the seat of the French monarchy. It was the first public art museum to serve as a model for other museums when it was founded by Pope Clement XII in 1889.. [56] In 1972, the Salon Carr's museography was remade with lighting from a hung tubular case, designed by Louvre architect Marc Saltet[fr] with assistance from designers Andr Monpoix[fr], Joseph-Andr Motte and Paulin. [29] On 15 August 1797, the Galerie d'Apollon was opened with an exhibition of drawings. [113] In the Louvre, two departments were allocated to the antiquities of the Iranian civilization, and the managers of the two departments visited Tehran. The 19th-century work, "Diane and Endymion" by artist Jerome-Martin Langlois, is "likely" the same one "loaned by the Louvre to the Fine Art Museum in Amiens before World War I and which . Neoclassical works includes Antonio Canova's Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss (1787). The Louvre houses pieces created between antiquity and the mid-19th century. September. It served as a royal palace for several centuries before being converted into a museum in 1793. The royal move away from Paris resulted in the Louvre being used as a residence for artists, under Royal patronage. In 1861, he bought 11,835artworks including 641 paintings, Greek gold and other antiquities of the Campana collection. The Louvre's Egyptian collection is so packed with wonders; it is hard to pick a favourite. On his initiative, a selection of highlights from the collections of what would become the Muse du Quai Branly Jacques Chirac was installed on the ground floor of the Pavillon des Sessions and opened in 2000, six years ahead of the Muse du Quai Branly itself. Before it was an art museum, the Louvre was a royal palace. Matila Simon, "The battle of the Louvre;: The struggle to save French art in World War II". [13]:496, Three lion-like heads; by Charles Le Brun; circa 1671; black chalk, pen and ink, brush and gray wash, white gouache on paper; 21.7 32,7cm, Bacchus; by Antoine Coypel; black chalk, white highlights, and sanguine; 42.7 37.7cm, Studies of Women's Heads and a Man's Head; by Antoine Watteau; first half of the 18th century; sanguine, black chalk and white chalk on gray paper; 28 38.1cm, Danseuse sur la scne; by Edgar Degas; pastel; 58 42cm, Portrait of elderly woman, by Matthias Grnewald, Portrait of a young woman by Hans Holbein, The Louvre is owned by the French government. Its main attraction is an exhibition of roughly 200 artworks from the Louvre on a rotating basis, presented chronologically in a single large room (the Galerie du Temps or "gallery of time") that transcends the geographical and object-type divisions along which the Parisian Louvre's displays are organized. [31] On Denon's suggestion in July 1803, the museum itself was renamed Muse Napolon. [139] The Louvre Abu Dhabi is located on Saadiyat Island and was designed by the French architect Jean Nouvel and engineering firm of Buro Happold. [145], They were exhibited in 1946 and shown all together to the public during four years (19501954) in order to allow rightful claimants to identify their properties, then stored or displayed, according to their interest, in several French museums including the Louvre. [79] Originally part of the decorative arts department, the holdings became separate in 2003. [100][102] In 2006, it loaned 1,300works, which enabled it to borrow more foreign works. [14][15] In the 7th century, Burgundofara (also known as Saint Fare), abbess in Meaux, is said to have gifted part of her "Villa called Luvra situated in the region of Paris" to a monastery,[16] even though it is doubtful that this land corresponded exactly to the present site of the Louvre. [42] Separately, Louis-Philippe had his Spanish gallery displayed in the Louvre from 7 January 1838, in five rooms on the first floor of the Cour Carre's East (Colonnade) Wing,[43] but the collection remained his personal property. [118], On the 500th anniversary of Leonardo da Vinci's death, the Louvre held the largest ever single exhibit of his work, from 24 October 2019 to 24 February 2020. Under Loyrette, who replaced Pierre Rosenberg in 2001, the Louvre has undergone policy changes that allow it to lend and borrow more works than before. [102] By 2006, government funds had dipped from 75percent of the total budget to 62percent. The Italian paintings compose most of the remnants of FrancisI and LouisXIV's collections, others are unreturned artwork from the Napoleon era, and some were bought. [101], The Louvre employs a staff of 2,000 led by Director Jean-Luc Martinez,[107] who reports to the French Ministry of Culture and Communications. ", "Le muse de Marine du Louvre: un muse des techniques? "[151] He encouraged the TDIC to build additional worker housing and proposed that the contractor cover the cost of the recruitment fees. In 1850 under the leadership of curator Adrien de Longprier, the muse mexicain opened within the Louvre as the first European museum dedicated to pre-Columbian art. For its display, he created another new section within the Louvre named Muse Napolon III, occupying a number of rooms in various parts of the building. According to the authoritative Grand Larousse encyclopdique, the name derives from an association with wolf hunting den (via Latin: lupus, lower Empire: lupara). It is an extremely important structure and one of the most-visited edifices in the country as it preserves a mind-boggling collection of artwork and artefacts from a period that ranges from ancient civilization to the middle of the 19th century. [138] It was inaugurated on 8 November 2017 and opened to the public three days later. What was the Louvre museum before it was torn down? 10. The government pays for operating costs (salaries, safety, and maintenance), while the rest new wings, refurbishments, acquisitions is up to the museum to finance. The Louvre Museum was originally constructed over 800 years ago as a fortress to protect the city of Paris from invaders. The Louvre is a world-renowned museum and one of the most popular tourist destinations in Paris. [148], In 2011, over 130 international artists urged a boycott of the new Guggenheim museum as well as Louvre Abu Dhabi, citing reports, since 2009, of abuses of foreign construction workers on Saadiyat Island, including the arbitrary withholding of wages, unsafe working conditions, and failure of companies to pay or reimburse the steep recruitment fees being charged to laborers. [17] After LouisXIV chose Versailles as his residence in 1682, construction works slowed to a halt. This decision announces the museum's reengagement with contemporary art under the direction of Henri Loyrette, fifty years after the institution's last order to a contemporary artists, George Braque[63]. A 30-year agreement, signed in early 2007 by French Culture Minister Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres and Sheik Sultan bin Tahnoon Al Nahyan, establishes that Abu Dhabi shall pay 832,000,000 (US$1.3billion) in exchange for the Louvre name use, managerial advice, art loans, and special exhibitions. [45], Following the end of the monarchy, several spaces in the Louvre's South Wing went to the museum. what was the louvre before it was a museum. The origins of the name "Louvre" are somewhat disputed. It initiated repair work, the completion of the Galerie d'Apollon and of the salle des sept-chemines, and the overhaul of the Salon Carr (former site of the iconic yearly Salon) and of the Grande Galerie. [13]:52-54 In the 1860s, Lefuel also led the creation of the pavillon des Sessions with a new Salle des Etats closer to Napoleon III's residence in the Tuileries Palace, with the effect of shortening the Grande Galerie by about a third of its previous length. [13]:119-121[78] The collection contains three pages of the Shahnameh, an epic book of poems by Ferdowsi in Persian, and a Syrian metalwork named the Barberini Vase. The main other initiative in the aftermath of the Grand Louvre project was Chirac's decision to create a new department of Islamic Art, by executive order of 1 August 2003, and to move the corresponding collections from their prior underground location in the Richelieu Wing to a more prominent site in the Denon Wing. Mariette, after excavations at Memphis, sent back crates of archaeological finds including The Seated Scribe. What Was The Louvre Before It Was A Museum The Louvre was originally built as a fortress in the 12th century. It compelled Italian cities to contribute pieces of art and heritage to Napoleon's "parades of spoils" through Paris before being put into the Louvre Museum. The Napoleon Museum was rechristened the Louvre ten years after it was founded in 1803. There are few publicly accessible details on the theft itself. The museum can seem a bit overwhelming at first, but I suggest you strap on your finest walking shoes and spend at least a few hours exploring. The public was given free accessibility on three days per week, which was "perceived as a major accomplishment and was generally appreciated". On 6 June 2014, the Decorative Arts section on the first floor of the Cour Carre's northern wing opened after comprehensive refurbishment.[66]. Meanwhile, during the Third Republic (18701940) the Louvre acquired new artefacts mainly via donations, gifts, and sharing arrangements on excavations abroad. In addition, the opening of the Louvre Abu Dhabi is supposed to provide 400million over the course of 30 years for its use of the museum's brand. In 2012, TDIC engaged PricewaterhouseCoopers as an independent monitor required to issue reports every quarter. It was formed from the purchased collections of Edm-Antoine Durand, Henry Salt and the second collection of Bernardino Drovetti (the first one having been purchased by Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia to form the core of the present Museo Egizio in Turin). [88][13]:199-201, 272-273, 333-335 The collection began with Francis, who acquired works from Italian masters such as Raphael and Michelangelo[89] and brought Leonardo da Vinci to his court. [13]:397-401 Initially the collection included only 100pieces, the rest of the royal sculpture collection being at Versailles. The Grand Louvre project separated the department into two exhibition spaces; the French collection is displayed in the Richelieu Wing, and foreign works in the Denon Wing.[81]. From 1951 to 1965, about 37 pieces were restituted. It was once a fortress and then a palace before it became a museum in 1684. Privileged artists continued to live in residence, and the unlabeled paintings hung "frame to frame from floor to ceiling". For L'esprit d'escalier Morellet redesigned the stairscase's windows, echoing their original structures but distorting them to create a disturbing optical effect[65]. On 19 November 1802, Napoleon appointed Dominique Vivant Denon, a scholar and polymath who had participated in the Egyptian campaign of 17981801, as the museum's first director, in preference to alternative contenders such as antiquarian Ennio Quirino Visconti, painter Jacques-Louis David, sculptor Antonio Canova and architects Lon Dufourny or Pierre Fontaine. In 1681, after the court moved to Versailles, 26 of the paintings were transferred there, somewhat diminishing the collection, but it is mentioned in Paris guide books from 1684 on, and was shown to ambassadors from Siam in 1686. The Louvre Museum is one of the most well known art museums in the world. The Republic of Azerbaijan, the Emir of Kuwait, the Sultan of Oman and King Mohammed VI of Morocco donated in total 26million. [13]:76-77 After Jean-Franois Champollion translated the Rosetta Stone, CharlesX decreed that an Egyptian Antiquities department be created. [155][156] Later in 2014, the Guggenheim's architect, Gehry, commented that working with the Abu Dhabi officials to implement the law to improve the labor conditions at the museum's site is "a moral responsibility. The 19th-century work, "Diane and Endymion" by artist Jerome-Martin Langlois, is "likely" the same one "loaned by the Louvre to the Fine Art Museum in Amiens before World War I and which . [76] The collection spans from the Cycladic period to the decline of the Roman Empire. View the Mona Lisa, the Coronation of Napoleon, Winged Victory of Samothrace, and so much more. In September 2000, the Louvre Museum dedicated the Gilbert Chagoury and Rose-Marie Chagoury Gallery to display tapestries donated by the Chagourys, including a 16th-century six-part tapestry suite, sewn with gold and silver threads representing sea divinities, which was commissioned in Paris for Colbert de Seignelay, Secretary of State for the Navy. [137], The Louvre Abu Dhabi is a separate entity from the Louvre, but the two entities have a multifaceted contractual relationship that allows the Emirati museum to use the Louvre name until 2037, and to exhibit artworks from the Louvre until 2027. [58], In 1981, French President Franois Mitterrand proposed, as one of his Grands Projets, the Grand Louvre plan to relocate the Finance Ministry, until then housed in the North Wing of the Louvre, and thus devote almost the entire Louvre building (except its northwestern tip, which houses the separate Muse des Arts Dcoratifs) to the museum which would be correspondingly restructured. The collection is organized into three sections: the core Cabinet du Roi, 14,000royal copper printing-plates, and the donations of Edmond de Rothschild,[99] which include 40,000prints, 3,000drawings, and 5,000illustrated books. It reopened on 14 July 1801, arranged chronologically and with new lighting and columns. Middle Kingdom art, "known for its gold work and statues", moved from realism to idealization; this is exemplified by the schist statue of Amenemhatankh and the wooden Offering Bearer. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. [13]:70-71 Major artifacts excavated at Susa in Iran, including the massive Apadana capital and glazed brick decoration from the Palace of Darius there, accrued to the Oriental (Near Eastern) Antiquities Department in the 1880s. New galleries of early modern French paintings on the 2nd floor of the Cour Carre, for which the planning had started before the Grand Louvre, also opened in 1989. When war was formally declared a year later, most of the museum's paintings were sent there as well. That new section opened on 22 September 2012, together with collections from the Roman-era Eastern Mediterranean, with financial support from the Al Waleed bin Talal Foundation and on a design by Mario Bellini and Rudy Ricciotti.[60][61][62]. This treaty marked the completion of Napoleon's conquest of Italy and the end of the first phase of the French Revolutionary Wars. [22], The Cabinet du Roi consisted of seven rooms west of the Galerie d'Apollon on the upper floor of the remodeled Petite Galerie. 50, 60, 69", National Museum Recovery, MNR works at the muse du Louvre, "Le Louvre se dit "satisfait" de la restitution des fresques gyptiennes Culture", :What Is Frank Gehry Doing About Labor Conditions in Abu Dhabi? The Louvre is one of the most fascinating buildings in the entire world. What was the Louvre before it was a museum? [44], The main change of that period was to the building itself. Answer: The Louvre is a museum in Paris, France that is home to one of the world's largest and most comprehensive art collections. [135], The Louvre-Lens follows a May 2003 initiative by then culture minister Jean-Jacques Aillagon to promote cultural projects outside of Paris that would make the riches of major Parisian institutions available to a broader French public, including a satellite (antenne) of the Louvre. Located on the Left Bank of the Seine river, it was originally a royal palace and then a fortress. The Louvre is one of the worlds most famous art museums. The Louvre Museum Paris is the biggest museum in the world and also the national museum of France. The 583-item Collection La Caze, donated in 1869 by Louis La Caze, included works by Chardin; Fragonard, Rembrandt and Watteau. In 2022, 7.8 million people meandered through the Louvre, taking . It was left as a place to display many of the royal collection. The mayor of Amiens, northern France, has asked Madonna to lend the city a 19th-century painting lost during World War I which it believes may be have been bought by the singer, to help its . Menu; . The expansion of the museum and its collections slowed after World War I, however, despite some prominent acquisitions such as Georges de La Tour's Saint Thomas and Baron Edmond de Rothschild's 1935 donation of 4,000prints, 3,000drawings, and 500illustrated books. Meanwhile, the Louvre's gallery of Antiquity sculpture (muse des Antiques), with artefacts brought from Florence and the Vatican, had opened in November 1800 in Anne of Austria's former summer apartment, located on the ground floor just below the Galerie d'Apollon. [53], New arrangements after the war revealed the further evolution of taste away from the lavish decorative practices of the late 19th century. [citation needed], According to Serge Klarsfeld, since the now complete and constant publicity which the artworks got in 1996, the majority of the French Jewish community is nevertheless in favour of the return to the normal French civil rule of prescription acquisitive of any unclaimed good after another long period of time and consequently to their ultimate integration into the common French heritage instead of their transfer to foreign institutions like during World War II. The Louvre was originally known as the Temple of Isis, and it served as a temple to Isis, the Egyptian goddess of fertility and motherhood. The Louvre's collection of 11,000 years' worth of art and artifacts is one of the world's most valuable collections, showcasing the human experience. [71][74] This section also contains rare objects from Persepolis which were also lent to the British Museum for its Ancient Persia exhibition in 2005. The 18th-century BC mural of the Investiture of Zimrilim and the 25th-century BC Statue of Ebih-Il found in the ancient city-state of Mari are also on display at the museum.[73]. Growth continued via acquisitions by Auguste Mariette, founder of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. It contains one of the world's largest and most comprehensive collections of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions. In 1793, it was stormed by revolutionaries and became the first museum in France. In 2007, German painter Anselm Kiefer was invited to create a work for the North stairs of the Perrault Colonnade, Athanor. The department is divided into three geographic areas: the Levant, Mesopotamia (Iraq), and Persia (Iran). [105][106] In 2008, the French government provided $180million of the Louvre's yearly $350million budget; the remainder came from private contributions and ticket sales. What Was The Louvre Before It Was A Museum. The Mona Lisa is really small. The holdings are displayed in the Pavillon de Flore; due to the fragility of the paper medium, only a portion are displayed at one time. The Louvre's extensive collections of Asian art were moved to the Guimet Museum in 1945. In 1852, he created the Muse des Souverains in the Colonnade Wing, an ideological project aimed at buttressing his personal legitimacy. It served as a royal palace for centuries, until the French Revolution in 1789. [24] On 10 August 1792, LouisXVI was imprisoned and the royal collection in the Louvre became national property. French and Northern European works are in the Richelieu Wing and Cour Carre; Spanish and Italian paintings are on the first floor of the Denon Wing. In 1793, during the French Revolution, the palace was looted and many of its paintings were taken away. The painting was once on display in an Amiens museum but was lost during World War One .
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