[287] It recorded the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990. Employees between the ages of 18 to 59 are covered under the workplace-based pension scheme and contribute 4.5% of their gross monthly earnings. In 1950, a North Korean invasion began the Korean War, which saw extensive American-led United Nations intervention in support of the South, while China intervened to support the North, with Soviet assistance. [21], The kingdom of Goryeo became first known to Westerners when Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca in 1511 and described the peoples who traded with this part of the world known by the Portuguese as the Gores. Constitution Day is on 17 July, and it celebrates the promulgation of Constitution of the Republic of Korea. [249][250] Korean women were coerced and forced to serve the Imperial Japanese Army as sexual slaves, called comfort women, in both Korea and throughout the Japanese war fronts. The country has also been a member of the United Nations since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. Describe whether the country is a Unitary or Federal government system. [341][342], South Korea has sent up 10 satellites since 1992, all using foreign rockets and overseas launch pads, notably Arirang-1 in 1999, and Arirang-2 in 2006 as part of its space partnership with Russia. [180][181] The country is well known for its highly feverish outlook on education, where its national obsession with education has been called "education fever". [382], In addition to domestic consumption, South Korea has a thriving entertainment industry where various facets of South Korean entertainment, including television dramas, films, and popular music, has generated significant financial revenues for the nation's economy. [131] Unchecked industrialization and urban development have resulted in deforestation and the ongoing destruction of wetlands such as the Songdo Tidal Flat. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy. It incorporates a significant number of loan words from Chinese. The South Korean pension system was created to provide benefits to persons reaching old age, families and persons stricken with death of their primary breadwinner, and for the purposes of stabilizing its nation's welfare state. Later Silla carried on the maritime prowess of Baekje, which acted like the Phoenicia of medieval East Asia,[58] and during the 8th and 9th centuries dominated the seas of East Asia and the trade between China, Korea and Japan, most notably during the time of Jang Bogo; in addition, Silla people made overseas communities in China on the Shandong Peninsula and the mouth of the Yangtze River. According to a 2015 census conducted by the Korea Statistical Information Service, of the 44 percent of the population espousing a religion, 45 percent are Protestant, 35 percent Buddhist, 18 percent Roman Catholic, and 2 percent . In 2010, that ceiling was 700,000 KRW for a single individual and 1,120,000 for a couple, equivalent to around $600.00 and $960.00. ", "Can South Korean Startups (and the government) Save its Flailing Giant Tech Conglomerates? Under Japanese rule, the two names Han and Joseon coexisted. South Korea would be a compact state because the distance from the center to any boundary is similar throughout the state and the state somewhat resembles a square. South Korea had the fastest internet connectivity globally in 2017. Approximately 3 million people died in the Korean War, with a higher proportional civilian death toll than World War II or the Vietnam War, making it one of the deadliest conflicts of the Cold War era. Gija Joseon was purportedly founded in the 12th century BCE, but its existence and role have been controversial in the modern era. [198] In 2017, the country ranked fifth for the percentage of 25 to 64 year old's that have attained tertiary education with 47.7 percent. During this period, the two nations became intertwined as all subsequent Korean kings married Mongol princesses,[84] and the last empress of the Yuan dynasty was a Korean princess. [164] Regardless of the ethnicity, there are 28,500 US military personnel serving in South Korea, most serving a one-year unaccompanied tour (though approximately 10% serve longer tours accompanied by family), according to the Korea National Statistical Office. [322] The national pension covers employees who work in firms that employ five or more employees, fishermen, farmers, and the self-employed in both rural and urban areas. [citation needed], The South Korean Navy has made its first major transformation into a blue-water navy through the formation of the Strategic Mobile Fleet, which includes a battle group of Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin class destroyers, Dokdo class amphibious assault ship, AIP-driven Type 214 submarines, and King Sejong the Great class destroyers, which is equipped with the latest baseline of Aegis fleet-defense system that allows the ships to track and destroy multiple cruise missiles and ballistic missiles simultaneously, forming an integral part of South Korea's indigenous missile defense umbrella against the North Korean military's missile threat.[268]. [36][37][38], During the period known as the ProtoThree Kingdoms of Korea, the states of Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye and Samhan occupied the whole Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria. ", "Korea, Russia Enter Full-Fledged Space Partnership", South Korea Confirms Contact With Satellite Lost, "Scientist Yi So Yeon becomes first Korean astronaut", "S. Korea Completes Work on Naro Space Center", "S. Korean satellite lost shortly after launch", "Global Insider: South Korea's Space Program", "South Korea's first rocket ready at last", "S. Korea DAPA commissioner confirms 500 km-range ballistic missile development research", Special Report: [Business Opportunities] R&D, Android Has Human-Like Skin and Expressions, "Female Android Debuts in S. Korea, National Geographic, May 15, 2006", South Korean Robot English Teachers Are Go, "Bio International Convention Korea Country Profile", "Discovery Channel:: News Animals:: Endangered Wolf Cloned in South Korea", "With $900M IPO, SK Bioscience has big plans for manufacturing expansioneven beyond COVID-19 vaccines", "South Koreans drink twice as much liquor as Russians and more than four times as much as Americans", "Exhibit Focuses on Traditional Architecture", "UNESCO World Heritage: Republic of Korea", Brief Review of Korea Modern Architecture, "Still, slow waters of Korean architecture", "How The South Korean Government Made K-Pop A Thing", "S.Korea's Screen Quota Hinders Market Access", "Squid Game: the hellish horrorshow taking the whole world by storm", "Netflix calls Squid Game its 'biggest ever series at launch', "S. Korean Game Developer NCsoft Interested in Pro Baseball", "Professional baseball rising in popularity", "Japan beats South Korea to be Baseball Champions", "South Korea takes Olympics baseball gold", "Dextro Energy International Triathlon Union World championship Series Seoul", "New Jersey, Mexico, and Korea dropped from 2014 F1 calendar", Key Development Forecasts for South Korea, United States Army Military Government in Korea, List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea, Politics of North Korea#Political parties and elections, North Korea and weapons of mass destruction, South Korea and weapons of mass destruction, International adoption of South Korean children, ChinaJapanSouth Korea trilateral summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, ChinaJapanKorea Friendship Athletic Meeting, Association of East Asian Research Universities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&oldid=1134388094, Korean-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1948, Articles with Korean-language sources (ko), Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from February 2009, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with obsolete information from March 2012, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2023, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 12:36. [371] The Olympic Sculpture Garden in 1988, the transposition of the 1993 edition of the Whitney Biennial to Seoul,[372] the creation of the Gwangju Biennale[373] and the Korean Pavilion at the Venice Biennale in 1995[374] were notable events. South Korea has the fastest Internet download speeds in the world,[332] with an average download speed of 25.3 Mbit/s. [235] [266], The South Korean military consists of the Army (ROKA), the Navy (ROKN), the Air Force (ROKAF), and the Marine Corps (ROKMC), and reserve forces. The country's national economy benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. [citation needed] In 2010, South Korea was spending 1.68 trillion in a cost-sharing agreement with the US to provide budgetary support to the US forces in Korea, on top of the 29.6 trillion budget for its own military. Male citizens 18-35 years old are required to complete at least 21 months of military service. On 1 January 2007, former South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon served as UN Secretary-General from 2007 to 2016. the second largest Asian source of foreign direct investment into the U.S. During President Trumps 2017 visit to the country, R.O.K. Ever since the industrialization of South Korea's economy, South Korea has placed its focus on technology-based corporations, which has been supported by infrastructure developments by the government. [82][83] However, the Mongol invasions in the 13th century greatly weakened the kingdom. [350] The government plans to develop Naro-2 by 2018.[351]. "While less than 100 Koreans in America enlisted in the US military during World WarII, more than 100,000 Koreans served in the Japanese army as officers and soldiers. U.S.-Republic of Korea Relations. The United States participation was critical for preventing the near defeat of the Republic of Korea by northern forces, as well as fighting back for the territory gains that define the South Korean nation today. There is a growing trend of inventions of new types of media or apps, utilizing the 4G and 5G internet infrastructure in South Korea. Christianity's similarity to native religious narratives has been studied as another factor that contributed to its success in the peninsula. [240], China has become South Korea's largest trading partner by far, sending 26% of South Korean exports in 2016 worth $124 billion, as well as an additional $32 billion worth of exports to Hong Kong. [345][346], In June 2009, the first spaceport of South Korea, Naro Space Center, was completed at Goheung, Jeollanam-do. In 2014, South Korea ranked second worldwide (after Singapore) in the national rankings of students' math and science scores by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) . [53] Later Silla was a golden age of art and culture,[54][55][56][57] as evidenced by the Hwangnyongsa, Seokguram, and Emille Bell. The U.S. government estimates the total population at 51.7 million (midyear 2021). However, in 1392, General Yi Seong-gye, who had been ordered to attack China, turned his army around and staged a coup. [citation needed] Consequently, South Korea has the world's seventh largest number of active troops (599,000 in 2018), the world's highest number of reserve troops (3,100,000 in 2018). When concerns arise at games time we look at them on a case-by-case basis. There had also been strong anti-American sentiment during certain periods, which has largely moderated in the modern day. Korea and the Philippines were both invaded by Japan during the WWII era, as with most Asian countries. [218] According to one ranking, it has the world's second best healthcare system. It has been praised for various reasons, including its comparatively high test results and its major role in generating South Korea's economic development, creating one of the world's most educated workforces. Over the past several decades, the Republic of Korea (R.O.K.) [305] Smaller airlines, such as Jeju Air, provide domestic service with lower fares. [385] Western-style pop, hip hop, rhythm and blues, rock, folk, electronic dance oriented acts have become dominant in the modern South Korean popular music scene, though trot is still enjoyed among older South Koreans. [157] Most South Koreans live in urban areas, because of rapid migration from the countryside during the country's quick economic expansion in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s.
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